During this cycle numerous well defined and sequential alterations in reproductive tract histology, physiology and cytology occur, initiated and regulated by. Nonproliferative and proliferative lesions of the rat and. There are two uteral cervixes for each horn in rats, in human female one cervix. The female reproductive system is one of the most vital parts of the human reproductive process.
The female laboratory rat, like most placental mammals, demonstrates intrinsic reproductive cyclicity, characterised by the regular occurrence of an oestrous cycle. The dual function of the testis is to produce spermatozoa and hormones. Reproductive system, page 6 of 6 h fertilization and pregnancy. Provide an environment for the growth and nourishment of the developing fetus after fertilization.
Effect of sleep deprivation on the male reproductive system. The male reproductive system consists of external organs. The surface of the rat cerebrum, as with most lower mammals, is smooth without the complex sulcal pattern seen in humans endocrine system. Cdc reproductive health how the female reproductive. The female reproductive system boundless anatomy and. Reproductive toxic effects of ingestion of sodium fluoride in. Describe the hormonal changes that occur during the ovarian and menstrual cycles.
Reproductive organs vagina the vagina is the short muscular canal that leads from the female rats uterus to the outside of the body. This is where a mans penis enters the woman during sexual intercourse. Toxic agents may reduce male fertility potential by impairing sperm production, maturation, function and survival by acting directly on the sperm in the testis milieu or by affecting. Malignant tumors of the female reproductive system.
Adult and immature male rats were treated with an aqueous extract of c. Outline the anatomy of the female reproductive system from external to internal. The hypophysis in the female is greater in weight than the male. Assessment of pradosia huberi effects on the reproductive system of. Female reproductive system centers for disease control. Female reproductive system 1 department of health and human services centers for disease control prevention atlanta, georgia, 30333. In addition, olfactory cues from pheromones are very important to the sexual behavior of the male rat nelson, 1995. Pathology of female reproductive system ovaries neoplastic diseases, cysts torsion, endometriosis, hemorrhagic corpus luteum, hormonal imbalance fallopian tubes infection, tubal pregnancy, neoplastic disease uterus corpus neoplastic disease, hyperplasia, functional bleeding, infection. Immediately after death, the following organs were dissected out and weighed. Reproductive systems of humans v rats editable compare. Recently, heindel et al4 investigated the developmental toxicity of fluoride and reported no adverse effect of sodium fluoride on the embryonic and fetal developments in rats or rabbits at doses of 27 mgkgday in the rat and 29 mgkgday in rabbits. Female reproductive system ans 215 physiology and anatomy of domesticated animals i.
Spermatogenesis is the process whereby primitive, diploid, stem cell spermatogonia give rise to highly differentiated, haploid. Assessment of fertility and reproductive capacity of rats exposed to hydroalcoholic of p. The male reproductive system composed of the testes, genital ducts, accessory glands, and penis. Reproductive toxic effects of ingestion of sodium fluoride. Male reproductive system introduction lined only by sertoli cells and should not be mistaken for focal seminiferous tubule atrophy arrows. An females internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and ovary. This is where a mans penis enters the woman during. The female reproductive system is made up of internal organs and external structures. A 400 gm rat will eat 20 grams of foodday 45 g 100 g body weight. To determine whether sleep deprivation has an effect on the male reproductive system, the present study attempted to evaluate sperm quality, hormone levels, and histopathology of testis in sleepdeprived male rats. Even within one strain of rat or mouse, though, the length of the estrous cycle may vary between individuals. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules, of which there are 1020 in each rat testis. Reproductive tests designed to evaluate the toxicity of compounds are important to identify which targets in the reproductive system are affected by the toxin.
The ovary is the organ that produces ova singular, ovum, or eggs. Therapeutic effect of resveratrol on morphineinduced. Nonproliferative and proliferative lesions of the rat and mouse female reproductive system. The female reproductive system includes both internal and external reproductive organs and their associated tissues. Grades 9 to 12 human body series female reproductive. A textbook of comparative physiology microform for students and practitioners of comparative veterinary medicine 1890 20446206708. It is recommended that the female be given a rest period of at least 2 months between pregnancies and litter rearing to restore her body to full strength.
But even though the reproductive system is essential to keeping a species alive, unlike other body systems, its not essential to keeping an individual alive. The human female reproductive system contains two main parts. The internal sex organs are the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. During preclinical investigations into the safety of drugs and chemicals, many are found to interfere with reproductive function in the female rat. Water taste receptors have not been identified in the rat, and it is believed that rats can not taste water. Sexual maturation is the process that this system undergoes in order to carry out its role in the process of pregnancy and birth. The reproductive and vital organs were analyzed, and sperm was collected from the epididymal secretion of the right.
The main system structures of the female rat are the vagina, ovaries, uterus, and mammary glands. Human male reproductive system consists of the following parts. Male reproductive system introduction grading scheme should be used in documenting commonly occurring lesions in male reproductive tissues if treatmentrelated exacerbation of common background changes is suspected. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a foetus to full term. Mar 19, 2015 the vagina is a muscular tube about three to four inches long that ends the birth canal. These activities will help students understand the anatomy and function of the female reproductive organs. Rats have a cleft upper lip called a philtrum, and an intact lower lip. In the human reproductive process, two kinds of sex cells, or gametes gahmeetz, are involved.
Female reproductive system for teens nemours kidshealth. The reproductive system also supplies nourishment for the offspring after birth and produces female sex hormones. Assessment of sperm production and reproductive organs of. Breeding and reproduction of rats merck veterinary manual. The female reproductive system consists of the following structures, as shown in figure 1. Female reproductive anatomy and physiology the female reproductive system is composed of both. The female reproductive system is composed of a pair of ovaries along with oviducts, vagina, cervix, uterus, and the external genitalia that are located in the pelvic region. Although a man is needed to reproduce, it is the woman who incubates the. Aug 02, 2016 to determine whether sleep deprivation has an effect on the male reproductive system, the present study attempted to evaluate sperm quality, hormone levels, and histopathology of testis in sleepdeprived male rats. Its function is to enable reproduction of the species. In your study of the reproductive system make sure examine rats of both sexes. Reproductive characteristics of the female laboratory rat academic. The testes in the scrotum produce the male gamete, sperm, which is ejaculated in seminal fluid by the penis.
It produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction, called the ova or oocytes. Normal female reproductive tract histology ovary 1. Cut through the sac carefully to reveal the testis. Pdf nonproliferative and proliferative lesions of the rat and. The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle.
Examining the reproductive system of the rat, students have the opportunity to compare male and female organs, study internal fertilization, and observe gestational changes in the female. Hypericum perforatum hiperico is a plant that has been used to treat diseases and also inhibits rat and human vas deferens contractility. The endometrium contains a unique system of blood vessels the uterine artery gives off 6 to 10 arcuate arteries that anastomose in the myometrium. Maternal water restriction did not affect relative weights of reproductive and body organs of male rat offspring. Branches from these arteries, the radial arteries, enter the basal layer of the endometrium where they give off small straight arteries that supply this region of the endometrium.
The female reproductive system is constantly changing, so it is normal to see huge variation in the size, shape, color, and function of the reproductive organs huge species differences pathology is often linked to fertilityinfertility and not necessarily the overall health of the animal. Rat uterus is bifurcated and horn shaped called cornua. Normal cyclical changes in the female reproductive system of rodents. Female reproductive system the female has a bicornuate uterus classified as a uterus duplex, and paired bulbi vestibule glands clitoral glands similar to preputial glands of the male. Examining the rat reproductive system allows students to compare male and female organs, study internal fertilization, and observe gestational changes in the. The duration of the estrous cycle of rodent strains most commonly used in toxicology studies is typically 4 to 5 days 57 goldman et al.
Notes on human male reproductive system and its components. A sexually mature girl s reproductive system is amazingly complex and can be the source of many questions and much misinformation. The genital ducts and accessory glands produce secretions that, aided by smooth muscle contractions, conduct spermatozoa toward the exterior. Female internal genitalia includes the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. The female gamete, ovum, is produced in the ovaries and is released monthly to travel to the uterus via the. The female reproductive system primarily consists of internal organs. The primary functions of the male reproductive system are the production of sperm, the transportation of sperm from the testes out of the male body, the placement of sperm into the females vagina, and the production of glandular secretions and hormones. Pradosia huberi is a species found in the amazon region and used as an antiulcerogenic and gastroprotective agent.
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. The male reproductive system and the effect of an extract. The female reproductive system functions to produce gametes and reproductive hormones, just like the male. Anatomy and physiology week 6 i flipped the camera.
Effect of sleep deprivation on the male reproductive. This interference is commonly expressed as a change in normal morphology of the reproductive tract or a disturbance in the duration of particular phases of the estrous cycle. Oct 11, 2009 anatomy and physiology week 6 i flipped the camera. The vagina is a muscular tube about three to four inches long that ends the birth canal.
May 04, 2010 the male reproductive system composed of the testes, genital ducts, accessory glands, and penis. Jul 20, 2008 difference between female rat and human reproductive system. Reproductive characteristics of the female laboratory rat. The female reproductive system consists of the two ovaries and the female genital tract.
Grades 9 to 12 human body series female reproductive system. During preclinical investigations into the safety of drugs and chemicals, many are found to interfere with the reproductive function of the female rat yuan and foley 2002. The horns are fused distally but each horn has its own ostium internum, externum, and cervical canal. Describe the structure and function of the organs of the female reproductive system. Pradosia huberi, fertility, rats, reproductive toxicity. Although a man is needed to reproduce, it is the woman who incubates the developing fetus and. Reproductive hazards in the workplace act on the tissues, eggs, and hormones that comprise the intricate female reproductive system.
Female external genitalia refers to the exposed part of the reproductive organs. Overview of the reproductive system boundless anatomy. Reproductive system, page 3 of 6 d reproductive hormones of the male 1 gonadotropinreleasing hormone gnrh. Jul 01, 20 the female reproductive system functions produces the female egg cells transports the eggs to the site of fertilization the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, occurs in the fallopian tubes after fertilization, provides a place for a baby to develop if fertilization does not take place, the system is designed to menstruate produces female sex. The two ovaries present in each female are held in place by the following ligaments. The urogenital system includes both the reproductive organs and the excretory. In the present study, 48 male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups n6 and were treated. The genital tract includes the oviducts, uterus, cervix and. Assessment of pradosia huberi effects on the reproductive. Start studying excretory and reproductive rat system. The animals were treated for 63 consecutive days, period that corresponds to the duration of the spermatogenic cycle in wistar rats plus the sperm transit time through the epididymis. Male reproductive system normal physiology and structure testis function, physiology and regulation. Urogenital system the excretory and reproductive systems of vertebrates are closely integrated and are usually studied together as the urogenital system. The female reproductive system functions produces the female egg cells transports the eggs to the site of fertilization the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, occurs in the fallopian tubes after fertilization.
The internal organs of the male reproductive system, also called accessory organs, include the following. On the surface of the testis is a coiled tube called the epididymus, which collects and stores sperm cells. The major reproductive organs of the male rat are the testes singular. These parts along with a pair of mammary glands that are integrated both functionally and structurally also support the process of ovulation, fertilization, birth and. Pdf malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. The internal female reproductive organs ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina. Overview of the reproductive system boundless anatomy and. In toxicity tests on the male reproductive system, it is fundamental to.
Female reproductive system more complex than the males because it serves more purposes produce and deliver gametes, provide nutrition and safe harbor for fetal development, gives birth, and nourish the infant more cyclic, and female hormones secreted in a more complex sequence than the relatively steady secretion in the male 281. The male gamete, or sperm, and the female gamete, the egg or ovum, meet in the female s. Results of the current study indicate that sleep deprivation may influence the male reproductive system in rats. Male reproductive system normal physiology and structure testis function, physiology and regulation the testis has two major functions. Media in category female reproductive system the following 11 files are in this category, out of 11 total. The external genitalia mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, vestibule and opening of the vagina, and external urethral orifice. By knowing how the reproductive system works, you can better protect yourself and your family against hazards, better understand your doctor, what you read, and media reports about reproductive hazards.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The female reproductive system is designed to carry out several functions. Stimulate anterior pituitary to produce and release fsh and lh. The rat is representative of mammalian reproduction where fertilization of ova occurs inside the female, and the fertilized zygotes develop in the mother. Nervous system the ventricular cns system is similar to that of other animals except the rat lacks a foramen of magendie. The rete testis in this section is narrow and elongated arrow in a male spraguedawley rat from a multigeneration reproduction study.
Dec 19, 2017 the female reproductive system is one of the most vital parts of the human reproductive process. Female reproductive system overview, anatomy and physiology. Female rats can quickly become pregnant again after giving birth. It is a pouch of deeply pigmented skin divided into two separate sacs. The male gamete, or sperm, and the female gamete, the egg or ovum, meet in the females.
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